An Experimental Analysis on the Effects of Stagger on the Aerodynamic Forces of Tandem Wings

This study is inspired by the flapping motion of natural flyers: insects. Many insects have two pairs wings referred as tandem wings. Literature review indicates that effects wing are influenced parameters such stagger (the stream-wise distance between aerodynamic center front and rear airfoil), angle-of-attack flow velocity. As a first stage, this focuses on (St) performance A recent numerical airfoils in turbulent (Re = 6000000) concluded larger resulted decrease lift force, an increase drag force. However, for laminar 2000), increasing was not found to be detrimental performance. Another work also revealed maximum coefficient configuration decreased with stagger. The focus perform experimental analysis two-dimensional (2D) NACA 0012 airfoils. set at same 0° 15° 5° interval three variations stagger: 1c, 1.5c 2c. experiments conducted using open-loop-subsonic wind tunnel Reynolds number 170000. St forces (lift drag) analyzed